原子尺度材料用於新興催化

據materialsviewschina報道：在這個能源需求加劇的時代，開發經濟、環huan保bao和he可ke持chi續xu的de能neng源yuan迫po在zai眉mei睫jie。催cui化hua劑ji對dui於yu可ke再zai生sheng能neng源yuan的de存cun儲chu和he轉zhuan化hua起qi到dao了le至zhi關guan重zhong要yao的de作zuo用yong，優you異yi的de催cui化hua劑ji能neng夠gou促cu進jin一yi係xi列lie相xiang關guan化hua學xue反fan應ying快kuai速su高gao效xiao的de進jin行xing。隨sui著zhe催cui化hua劑ji的de不bu斷duan發fa展zhan，研yan究jiu人ren員yuan製zhi備bei出chu了le一yi類lei原yuan子zi尺chi度du的de材cai料liao
，達da到dao了le催cui化hua劑ji的de尺chi寸cun極ji限xian。這zhe類lei原yuan子zi尺chi度du催cui化hua劑ji新xin穎ying的de結jie構gou特te征zheng賦fu予yu其qi突tu出chu的de催cui化hua性xing能neng
，引yin發fa了le催cui化hua領ling域yu極ji大da的de研yan究jiu熱re潮chao。對dui這zhe類lei原yuan子zi尺chi度du催cui化hua劑ji而er言yan，隨sui著zhe厚hou度du的de減jian薄bo，暴bao露lu於yu表biao麵mian的de原yuan子zi比bi例li顯xian著zhu增zeng加jia，催cui化hua劑ji的de原yuan子zi利li用yong率lv近jin乎hu100%
；此(ci)外(wai)，隨(sui)著(zhe)維(wei)度(du)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)，電(dian)子(zi)結(jie)構(gou)也(ye)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)
，這(zhe)使(shi)得(de)原(yuan)子(zi)尺(chi)度(du)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)在(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)催(cui)化(hua)體(ti)係(xi)中(zhong)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)獨(du)特(te)的(de)催(cui)化(hua)行(xing)為(wei)和(he)優(you)異(yi)的(de)催(cui)化(hua)性(xing)能(neng)，具(ju)有(you)非(fei)常(chang)高(gao)的(de)催(cui)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)。近日，武漢大學付磊教授研究團隊（先進納米材料實驗室）發表了綜述文章”Atomic Scale Materials for Emerging Robust Catalysis”
，zhenduiyuanzichiducuihuajizheyixinxingdeyanjiulingyu，zongjieleyuanzichiducuihuajidejiegoutezhengjiqizaibutongcuihuayingyongzhongdeyanjiujinzhan，bingduiqimianlindejiyuhetiaozhanjinxinglezhanwang。

他ta們men從cong原yuan子zi尺chi度du材cai料liao的de結jie構gou特te征zheng入ru手shou
，闡chan述shu了le其qi作zuo為wei催cui化hua劑ji的de顯xian著zhu優you勢shi。大da的de比bi表biao麵mian積ji和he豐feng富fu的de低di配pei位wei表biao麵mian原yuan子zi提ti供gong了le大da量liang的de催cui化hua活huo性xing位wei點dian
，原yuan子zi級ji厚hou度du能neng使shi得de實shi現xian原yuan子zi利li用yong率lv的de最zui大da化hua，由you此ci極ji大da提ti高gao催cui化hua劑ji的de催cui化hua效xiao率lv。此ci外wai
，超chao短duan的de電dian荷he轉zhuan移yi路lu徑jing有you助zhu於yu加jia速su反fan應ying動dong力li學xue
，促cu進jin有you效xiao的de界jie麵mian電dian荷he轉zhuan移yi
，選xuan擇ze性xing地di暴bao露lu特te定ding晶jing麵mian甚shen至zhi能neng實shi現xian良liang好hao的de催cui化hua選xuan擇ze性xing。這zhe些xie優you異yi而er獨du特te的de性xing質zhi為wei原yuan子zi尺chi度du催cui化hua劑ji的de高gao催cui化hua性xing能neng提ti供gong了le極ji大da的de保bao障zhang。

原子尺度催化劑的興起為催化領域提供了廣闊的發展空間，他們從水分解反應、氧還原反應、醇/甲酸氧化反應
、二氧化碳還原反應、水煤氣轉化反應
、費(fei)托(tuo)反(fan)應(ying)和(he)三(san)碘(dian)化(hua)還(hai)原(yuan)反(fan)應(ying)等(deng)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)催(cui)化(hua)體(ti)係(xi)出(chu)發(fa)，係(xi)統(tong)闡(chan)釋(shi)了(le)原(yuan)子(zi)尺(chi)度(du)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。他(ta)們(men)係(xi)統(tong)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)原(yuan)子(zi)尺(chi)度(du)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)製(zhi)備(bei)方(fang)法(fa)，並(bing)結(jie)合(he)結(jie)構(gou)分(fen)析(xi)和(he)理(li)論(lun)計(ji)算(suan)，闡(chan)明(ming)了(le)其(qi)相(xiang)較(jiao)於(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)。

盡jin管guan原yuan子zi尺chi度du催cui化hua劑ji在zai各ge種zhong催cui化hua應ying用yong中zhong已yi經jing取qu得de了le相xiang當dang大da的de研yan究jiu進jin展zhan，但dan仍reng然ran存cun在zai著zhe一yi些xie機ji遇yu和he挑tiao戰zhan。目mu前qian還hai未wei實shi現xian對dui原yuan子zi尺chi度du催cui化hua劑ji精jing確que的de結jie構gou控kong製zhi、大(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)製(zhi)備(bei)和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)分(fen)散(san)，某(mou)些(xie)複(fu)雜(za)催(cui)化(hua)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)催(cui)化(hua)機(ji)製(zhi)也(ye)尚(shang)不(bu)明(ming)晰(xi)。因(yin)此(ci)，麵(mian)對(dui)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)需(xu)求(qiu)
，我(wo)們(men)需(xu)要(yao)建(jian)立(li)批(pi)量(liang)製(zhi)備(bei)結(jie)構(gou)高(gao)度(du)可(ke)控(kong)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)尺(chi)度(du)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，並(bing)防(fang)止(zhi)其(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)聚(ju)集(ji)、duhuaheshihuo。ciwai，haixuyaotongguoxianjindebiaozhengjishujiehelilunjisuanlaigengshenrudilejiezheleicuihuajidegouxiaoguanxiyijizaigeleicuihuafanyingguochengzhongdecuihuajizhi，congerduicuihuajidehelishejitigongzhidao。

該gai綜zong述shu係xi統tong闡chan述shu了le原yuan子zi尺chi度du催cui化hua劑ji的de設she計ji和he在zai各ge類lei新xin興xing催cui化hua體ti係xi中zhong的de應ying用yong，這zhe為wei推tui動dong其qi在zai催cui化hua領ling域yu的de基ji礎chu研yan究jiu與yu實shi際ji應ying用yong提ti供gong了le一yi定ding的de參can考kao價jia值zhi。相xiang關guan成cheng果guo發fa表biao於yuSmall Methods (DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800181)。