離子液體可改善製氫催化劑

據http://www.rdmag.com/網站報道：離子液體可改善製氫催化劑性能。通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)設(she)計(ji)進(jin)行(xing)微(wei)調(tiao)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)速(su)度(du)或(huo)能(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)。現(xian)在(zai)，研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)員(yuan)已(yi)經(jing)發(fa)現(xian)，在(zai)某(mou)種(zhong)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)可(ke)以(yi)高(gao)速(su)催(cui)化(hua)製(zhi)氫(qing)並(bing)且(qie)可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)反(fan)應(ying)效(xiao)率(lv)。yanjiujieguobiaoming
，yetijiezhikeyigaishancuihuajidexingneng。gaiyanjiujieguozaifenzishuipingshangmiaoshulecuihuajicailiaoshiruhejiangdiannengdairuqingyuanzihuaxuejiande。zhexiexinxijiangbangzhuyanjiurenyuangoujianxingnenggengjiadecuihuaji。

在zai研yan究jiu人ren員yuan尋xun找zhao高gao性xing能neng製zhi氫qing催cui化hua劑ji的de過guo程cheng中zhong
，美mei國guo西xi北bei太tai平ping洋yang國guo家jia實shi驗yan室shi的de化hua學xue家jia模mo仿fang氫qing化hua酶mei製zhi成cheng一yi種zhong溶rong解jie性xing的de催cui化hua劑ji。這zhe種zhong氫qing化hua酶mei蛋dan白bai質zhi可ke以yi利li用yong電dian子zi將jiang兩liang個ge氫qing原yuan子zi結jie合he，這zhe一yi過guo程cheng可ke將jiang能neng源yuan存cun儲chu於yu他ta們men的de化hua學xue鍵jian中zhong。研yan究jiu人ren員yuan模mo仿fang蛋dan白bai質zhi的de催cui化hua中zhong心xin，在zai其qi周zhou圍wei構gou建jian了le化hua學xue支zhi架jia。

通常認為，有些催化劑雖然能夠有效催化反應進行但速度低，每秒鍾可以製造大約1,000個氫分子

；有些催化劑雖然低效但能快速催化生成氫氣，每秒鍾可以製造100,000個氫分子（效率取決於催化劑所需電力量）。以往的研究並沒有考慮到催化劑效率與速度之間的聯係，因此
，僅需針對一種特性進行催化劑設計即可。

為(wei)了(le)同(tong)時(shi)獲(huo)取(qu)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)特(te)性(xing)
，研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)員(yuan)將(jiang)一(yi)種(zhong)慢(man)速(su)催(cui)化(hua)劑(ji)置(zhi)於(yu)一(yi)種(zhong)被(bei)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)酸(suan)性(xing)離(li)子(zi)液(ye)體(ti)的(de)溶(rong)液(ye)之(zhi)中(zhong)。該(gai)溶(rong)液(ye)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)液(ye)體(ti)鹽(yan)類(lei)
，是(shi)正(zheng)電(dian)荷(he)和(he)負(fu)電(dian)荷(he)分(fen)子(zi)或(huo)原(yuan)子(zi)的(de)混(hun)合(he)液(ye)
，通(tong)常(chang)用(yong)於(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)，保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)流(liu)在(zai)正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)負(fu)極(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)流(liu)動(dong)。

研究人員將催化劑

、liziyetiheyidishuihunheqilai。cuihuajizailiziyetihedianliudebangzhuxiazhizaoqingfenzi，jiangdianliuzhongdeyixiedianzitianruqingfenzidehuaxuejianzhong。jixujiarushui，cuihuajifanyingsudujiakuai，zhihoujiangdi
，jiuxiangdisucuihuajiyiyang。dangkaishixiangrongyezhongjiarushuishi
，cuihuasuduxunsutigao，zaishuibuduanjiarudetiaojianxiacuihuajidefanyingsuduyezaibuduantigao。zaizuidajiashuiliangdeqiantixia
，cuihuajimeimiaozhongkeyizhizao53,000個氫分子，與高速低效催化劑的速度不相上下。最為重要的是
，高速催化劑的製氫效率可以與高效催化劑的效率相當。

製zhi氫qing速su度du表biao明ming
，催cui化hua劑ji可ke以yi高gao速su移yi動dong電dian子zi。但dan是shi某mou種zhong物wu質zhi還hai會hui影ying響xiang質zhi子zi的de移yi動dong速su度du，因yin為wei質zhi子zi帶dai正zheng電dian荷he，會hui吸xi引yin周zhou圍wei的de電dian子zi。就jiu好hao比bi在zai一yi條tiao裝zhuang配pei線xian上shang
，質zhi子zi穿chuan過guo催cui化hua劑ji或huo類lei似si於yu氫qing化hua酶mei的de蛋dan白bai質zhi而er獲huo得de電dian子zi，完wan成cheng組zu合he製zhi造zao氫qing後hou從cong催cui化hua劑ji上shang脫tuo落luo。

進一步的實驗揭示了這種催化劑-liziyetizuhedegongzuoyuanli。yanjiurenyuanliyongshuiheliziyetixiangjiehemofangtianranqinghuameibufencongerraoluanzhizideliudong。zaidanbaizhizhizhong，zhichengcuihuazhongxindehuaxuezhijiayouzhuyujiasuzhiziyidong，liziyetiheshuidehunhekenengqidaotongyangdezuoyong。zaijiexialaidegongzuozhizhong，yanjiurenyuanjianghuijixutansuocuihuajizaizhezhonghunheyezhonggaosugongzuodeyuanli，zuizhongjiangqiyingyongqingqizhizao。