2026-04-11 23:48:06
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東芝株式會社發明了一種燃料電池氫源係統(見圖1),該係統包括燃料箱、蒸發器、重整反應器、CO變換反應器、COtuochufanyingqiyijiranshaoqi。qizhongranliaoxiangzhongzhuangyoushidangbilideerjiamiheshuidehunheye,tongshikongzhidianlishuchugonglv。tongguoranliaoxiangshangfadekaiqiheguanbikekongzhiranliaodianchixitongdeyali,bingqieyincikongzhiranliaodegonggei,zheshigaifamingdehexinbufen。yidingbilideerjiamiheshuideqiyeliangxiangliujingguozhengfabufenjinrudaozhongzhengdanyuan,chanshengdefuqingqitijingguolianggeqingqitichundanyuan,quchudiaoCO後,進入燃料電池。此外,從燃料電池排出的含有氫氣的廢氣在燃燒單元進行燃燒,生成的熱量用來加熱蒸發部分。

瑞典的沃爾沃公司發明了一種烴類(例如二甲醚、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇或其它氧化燃料)重整的方法和設備,可作為燃料電池的氫源(見圖2)。二(er)甲(jia)醚(mi)在(zai)重(zhong)整(zheng)器(qi)中(zhong)先(xian)通(tong)過(guo)部(bu)分(fen)氧(yang)化(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)生(sheng)成(cheng)氫(qing)氣(qi)和(he)熱(re)量(liang),產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)氫(qing)氣(qi)進(jin)入(ru)催(cui)化(hua)燃(ran)燒(shao)器(qi)變(bian)成(cheng)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi),水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)被(bei)送(song)回(hui)燃(ran)料(liao)重(zhong)整(zheng)器(qi),通(tong)過(guo)吸(xi)收(shou)部(bu)分(fen)氧(yang)化(hua)時(shi)放(fang)出(chu)的(de)熱(re)量(liang),從(cong)而(er)啟(qi)動(dong)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)重(zhong)整(zheng)過(guo)程(cheng)。通(tong)過(guo)這(zhe)種(zhong)放(fang)熱(re)和(he)吸(xi)熱(re)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)結(jie)合(he),逐(zhu)漸(jian)建(jian)立(li)自(zi)熱(re)重(zhong)整(zheng)過(guo)程(cheng)。當(dang)自(zi)熱(re)過(guo)程(cheng)穩(wen)定(ding)時(shi),所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)氫(qing)氣(qi)被(bei)部(bu)分(fen)或(huo)全(quan)部(bu)被(bei)送(song)入(ru)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi),在(zai)該(gai)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)和(he)水(shui)。此(ci)後(hou),產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)水(shui)被(bei)送(song)回(hui)燃(ran)料(liao)重(zhong)整(zheng)器(qi)中(zhong),使(shi)得(de)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)水(shui)可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)給(gei)。係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)燃(ran)燒(shao)反(fan)應(ying)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)於(yu)從(cong)部(bu)分(fen)氧(yang)化(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)氫(qing)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)。該(gai)發(fa)明(ming)的(de)顯(xian)著(zhu)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)無(wu)需(xu)外(wai)部(bu)供(gong)水(shui),因(yin)而(er)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)輕(qing)該(gai)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)重(zhong)量(liang),這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian)特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合(he)於(yu)為(wei)移(yi)動(dong)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)耗(hao)設(she)備(bei)如(ru)飛(fei)行(xing)器(qi)、船舶和車輛使用的輔助電力單元提供電力,或者作為混合驅動的一部分。

日本的最大鋼鐵製造公司NKK公司在自主研發催化劑的基礎上,發明了一套燃料電池氫源係統 (圖3),該係統可用於二甲醚水蒸氣重整製氫或者二甲醚幹重整製氫。二甲醚和水(或者CO2)hunhehoujinruzhongzhengfanyingqi,zaijiangzhongzhenghoudefuqingqitiyongyuranliaodianchifadian。bufenzhongzhengqidecuihuaranshaoyongyuxitonggongre。gaifamingdeguanjianzaiyucaiyongleerjiamiheCO2為原料的重整製氫方法。

瑞典皇家工學院的Nilsson等開發了一套基於二甲醚自熱重整技術的燃料電池氫能源係統(見圖4)。這(zhe)套(tao)係(xi)統(tong)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)二(er)甲(jia)醚(mi)催(cui)化(hua)燃(ran)燒(shao)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)來(lai)啟(qi)動(dong)二(er)甲(jia)醚(mi)自(zi)熱(re)重(zhong)整(zheng)單(dan)元(yuan),當(dang)自(zi)熱(re)重(zhong)整(zheng)反(fan)應(ying)運(yun)行(xing)穩(wen)定(ding)後(hou)便(bian)關(guan)閉(bi)催(cui)化(hua)燃(ran)燒(shao)單(dan)元(yuan),重(zhong)整(zheng)後(hou)的(de)富(fu)氫(qing)氣(qi)體(ti)可(ke)為(wei)5kW燃料電池堆提供氫燃料。

Fig. 4 Fuel cell power supply system (Sweden, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology)
3. 結語 在zai幾ji年nian的de研yan究jiu中zhong,二er甲jia醚mi重zhong整zheng製zhi氫qing的de催cui化hua劑ji的de體ti係xi開kai發fa主zhu要yao是shi參can照zhao甲jia醇chun重zhong整zheng催cui化hua劑ji,隨sui著zhe二er甲jia醚mi大da規gui模mo生sheng產chan技ji術shu的de成cheng熟shu,減jian少shao了le二er甲jia醚mi重zhong整zheng製zhi氫qing的de商shang業ye化hua成cheng本ben,降jiang低di了le這zhe種zhong新xin燃ran料liao進jin入ru能neng源yuan市shi場chang的de門men檻kan,同tong時shi也ye引yin起qi了le各ge國guo政zheng府fu和he學xue者zhe的de高gao度du重zhong視shi。由you於yu該gai製zhi氫qing技ji術shu遠yuan不bu如ru甲jia醇chun製zhi氫qing技ji術shu成cheng熟shu,因yin而er還hai有you更geng多duo的de研yan究jiu空kong間jian,目mu前qian的de研yan究jiu應ying注zhu意yi以yi下xia問wen題ti:首shou先xian,由you於yu以yi固gu體ti酸suan催cui化hua的de二er甲jia醚mi水shui解jie反fan應ying為wei二er甲jia醚mi重zhong整zheng反fan應ying的de速su控kong步bu,同tong時shi固gu體ti酸suan催cui化hua劑ji的de性xing質zhi直zhi接jie影ying響xiang到dao催cui化hua劑ji的de壽shou命ming,因yin而er應ying加jia強qiang對dui固gu體ti酸suan催cui化hua劑ji研yan究jiu及ji其qi篩shai選xuan。其qi次ci,銅tong係xi催cui化hua劑ji仍reng是shi二er甲jia醚mi重zhong整zheng催cui化hua劑ji的de關guan鍵jian組zu分fen之zhi一yi,而er銅tong係xi催cui化hua劑ji最zui為wei突tu出chu的de問wen題ti就jiu是shi催cui化hua劑ji的de穩wen定ding性xing,因yin而er要yao圍wei繞rao提ti高gao催cui化hua劑ji穩wen定ding性xing做zuo工gong作zuo,開kai發fa低di溫wen高gao活huo性xing的de銅tong係xi催cui化hua劑ji是shi今jin後hou研yan究jiu的de重zhong點dian。最zui後hou,合he適shi的de重zhong整zheng反fan應ying係xi統tong的de設she計ji可ke以yi有you效xiao的de改gai善shan反fan應ying條tiao件jian,最zui大da限xian度du發fa揮hui催cui化hua劑ji的de效xiao率lv,因yin而er體ti積ji小xiao、質量輕、快速啟動的二甲醚重整氫源係統的研製是今後研究的主要方向之一。
總(zong)之(zhi),發(fa)展(zhan)二(er)甲(jia)醚(mi)重(zhong)整(zheng)製(zhi)氫(qing)技(ji)術(shu)符(fu)合(he)我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)和(he)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve),加(jia)強(qiang)該(gai)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu),逐(zhu)漸(jian)開(kai)發(fa)具(ju)有(you)自(zi)主(zhu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)二(er)甲(jia)醚(mi)重(zhong)整(zheng)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)產(chan)品(pin),對(dui)於(yu)加(jia)快(kuai)該(gai)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)進(jin)程(cheng),推(tui)動(dong)我(wo)國(guo)情(qing)能(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)具(ju)有(you)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)現(xian)實(shi)意(yi)義(yi).